Examining Preferences for Weight Loss Interventions Among Black Men and Women Experiencing Overweight or Obesity: A Qualitative Approach

Background Behavioral interventions aiming to modify dietary habits and physical activity have been less effective in achieving clinically significant weight loss in Black adults. Weight loss needs vary by race and gender, so different strategies are needed to engage individuals in healthy behaviors. While there have been some research efforts focused on weight loss in Black women, participation rates of Black men in weight loss interventions are lower. This may perpetuate the development of obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and other cardiovascular problems. This qualitative study investigated the barriers and facilitators to healthy eating and physical activity and the weight loss desires among Black adults with overweight or obesity. Methods Black adults mainly residing in Hartford, Connecticut were recruited for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Black males and females who self-reported being overweight or obese. Preferences for weight loss specific to each gender, barriers, and facilitators for weight-related behaviors such as diet and physical activity, were examined through thematic analysis to inform the development of a culturally relevant behavioral weight loss intervention. Results The sample consisted of Black adults from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Black females (n = 16) and Black males (n = 8) were mostly non-Hispanic Black Americans. The key themes that emerged were: 1. the creation of a weight loss program for Black adults, 2. healthy eating barriers, 3. physical activity barriers, 4. healthy living facilitators, and social support. Both Black females and Black males identified unique weight loss preferences. Community and personalization were preferred by Black females while Black males preferred personalized diet and exercise regimes for diverse health conditions, not limited to weight loss. While both genders referred to digital devices and apps for recording weight, diet and physical activity as a major facilitator to adopting healthy habits, social support in the form of culturally relevant information from healthcare providers was highly desired to be incorporated into the intervention. Conclusion The findings of this study hold relevance for designing and developing of weight loss programs that promote behavior change for Black adults and help reduce obesity-related health inequities within this population.