Comparison of the Effectiveness of Family-centered Empowerment Model, Collaborative Care Model and Motivational Interviewing on Blood Glucose Control and Nutritional Behaviors Based on BASNEF Model in Patients Attended to Rural Health Centers

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus has imposed increasingly burden on health systems worldwide. Self-care behaviors improve and enhance by receiving support from family of diabetic patients. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of the family-centered empowerment model, collaborative care model and motivational interviewing on blood glucose control and nutritional behaviors based on the BASNEF model. Methods A single blind randomized clinical trial survey was run among patients with T2DM who were referred to the Rural Health Centers located in Gorgan city of Iran. In total, 120 patients were classified randomly into four groups of interventions (family-centered empowerment model n = 30, collaborative care model n = 30, and motivational interviewing n = 30 and control (n = 30). Blood glucose control, nutritional behaviors and constructs of the model were measured in pre-intervention, 2,6 and 12 months’ follow-ups. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age of participants was 57.19 ± 5.79 year. Constructs of the model and nutrition variables (except for carbohydrates) did not present statistically significant difference in the pre-intervention, while in six and twelve months showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.001). In addition, FBS (p = 0.001) and HbA ₁ C (p = 0.008), decreased significantly in 12-month follow-up.​ Conclusion Given the present findings, FCEM, CCM and MI techniques might be likely applicable and useful to improve nutritional behavior and control chronic diseases such as diabetes which is a serious threat to people's health. Trial registration: The study protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (trial ID 34852 in 2018-12-05).