Association between sleep duration and depression in adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study

Background There is an increasing awareness of sleep duration and depression in hypertension. This study provided a theoretical basis for early screening of depression in patients with hypertension by analyzing the relationship between sleep time and depression in patients with hypertension. Methods The data for this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2004 to 2015. Depressive symptoms were tested using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and depression was diagnosed when PHQ-9 total score >10. The association between sleep duration and depression in hypertension was estimated using weighted multivariate logistic regression, and its nonlinearity was examined by restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for depression in hypertensive patients, a risk prediction nomogram model was established, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate its ability to discriminate depression in hypertensive patients. Results A total of 8,696 hypertension participants were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression showed that an increment of sleep duration was strongly associated with depression in hypertension (OR = 0.772, 95%CI = (0.705, 0.883). The RCS curve showed L-shaped relationships between sleep duration and depressive risk in hypertension. The nomogram model showed a favorable discriminatory power with an area under the curve (AUC) of 73.4%. Sleep duration at 7.22 hour might be most beneficial for the mental health of patients with hypertension. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the relationship between sleep duration and depression in patients with hypertension, Effective interventions for sleep disorders in patient with hypertension are needed for preventing depression.