The comparison of the risk of neurological deterioration and clinical outcomes in different atherosclerotic stroke patterns

This study aims to compare the incidences of ND and poor outcome (a modified Ranking scale > 2 points at discharge) among patients with different atherosclerotic stroke patterns. A total of 688 participants were categorized into 4 groups according to atherosclerotic stroke pattern: multiple small infarcts (MSI), single subcortical infarction (SSI), borderzone infarct (BZI) and large infarct groups. Among the 4 groups, MSI group had the lowest incidences of ND and poor outcome (13.5% and 16.2%, respectively). In multivariable analyses, for BZI patients, the risks of ND [odds ratio (OR) = 4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.37–7.94, p < 0.001] and poor outcome (OR = 4.16, 95% CI = 2.04–8.50, p  < 0.001) both increased approximately 3-fold than MSI, both of which were the highest among the 4 stroke patterns. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in BZI and large infarct groups were higher than in MSI and SSI groups [3.35 (2.28, 5.04) and 3.36 (2.53, 4.94) vs. 2.64 (1.89, 4.06) and 2.71 (1.93, 3.91), p < 0.001]. BZI group had the highest risks of ND and poor outcome among atherosclerotic stroke patients. BZI and large infarct patients had stronger poststroke inflammation than MSI and SSI patients.