Disease Burden and Changing Trends of Kidney Cancer between 1990 and 2021: A Comparative Analysis of China and the World

Background Kidney cancer, a prevalent malignant tumor in the urinary system, poses a significant disease burden and remains a crucial public health concern. Methods Utilizing GBD2021 data, our study examined the standardized incidence, mortality, prevalence, and DALYs rate of renal cancer. We calculated the (1-MIR) value to assess treatment outcomes and survival rates, employed a joinpoint regression model to determine the AAPC, and conducted comparative and longitudinal analyses between China and global trends. Through the joinpoint regression model, we calculated the AAPC and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the disease burden of kidney cancer, evaluating its current status and changing trends. Results From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized prevalence rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate of kidney cancer in China were lower than those in the world as a whole. However, the growth rate in China was significantly faster than the global average. The age-standardized incidence rate and prevalence rate of kidney cancer in males showed a greater increase compared to females, both in China and globally. Additionally, the age-standardized rate of kidney cancer in males was notably higher than in females, particularly among middle-aged males. The (1-MIR) of renal cancer increased from 0.36 to 0.62 in China and from 0.49 to 0.58 globally. Overall, the treatment effect of renal cancer has shown some successful outcomes. Conclusions From 1990 to 2021, there was a noticeable increase in the global incidence of kidney cancer. Specifically, the standardized incidence and prevalence of kidney cancer in the Chinese population saw a more rapid rise compared to the global trend. Additionally, the disease burden of kidney cancer remained significantly higher in males than in females.