Studies on floral organ Structure and female and male gametophyte development of Pseudosasa subsolida S. L. Chen & G. Y. Sheng

Pseudosasa subsolida belongs to Poaceae Pseudosasa, Because of its unique flowering cycle of bamboo plants and the physiological characteristics of asexual reproduction, The acquisition of the floral material from Pseudosasa subsolida poses significant challenges. A comprehensive anatomical study on the floral organs and the development of female and male gametes of P. subsolida was conducted in 2021 at Southwest Forestry University (Kunming,Yunnan,China) to investigate the influencing factors of its low seed setting rate, utilizing routine paraffin section methods. The results revealed that the spikelet of P. subsolida exhibited the characteristics of a pseudospikelet with a latent bud, while the inflorescence displayed traits of an infinite inflorescence. Each spikelet contained approximately 10–16 florets and was accompanied by two bracts at its base. The fundamental structure of the florets comprised one lemma, one palea, three lodicules, three stamens, and one pistil. Many anomalies were still observed at later stages of anther development. These abnormalities included the failure of pollen grain formation, shrinkage deformation in the drug sac and tapetum cells, and the absence of middle layer cells. Additionally, microspores appeared hollow with no discernible contents. The primary factor contributing to the low seed setting rate of P. subsolida was the aberrant development of male gametophytes. The significance of this study lay in its pioneering exploration of the reproductive structure of P. subsolida ,and provide a theoretical reference for the fundamental examination of flower structure.