Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with bioactive compounds of Actinomycete, Amyculatopsis roodepoortensis strain EA7 and its effect on cell line HT-29

The present study describes the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using the extract from the actinomycete isolate Amycolatopsis roodepoortensis strain EA7. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that strain EA7 belonged to the Amycolatopsis roodepoortensis species with 99.63% confidence. Their physical characteristics were examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, DLS, Zeta potational, and EDX. Microscopic examination revealed spherical ZnO NPs with an estimated average size of 2.98 ± 0.69 nm. The antibacterial and anticancer effect (colon cancer cell line HT-29) of these nanoparticles was observed in a dose-dependent manner. The values of IC50 ZnO-NPs for cell line HT-29 was calculated as 47 µg/ml. Also, the expression level of ATM, ATR, CHK1 and CHK2 genes effective in apoptosis as compared with the control sample in the cell line HT29 was increased as 2.35 ± 0.293, 2.87 ± 0/280, 3.67 ± 0.378, and 5.86 ± 0.495, respectively(P < 0.0001), which indicates the induction Apoptosis in HT-29 cells. However, there was no significant differences in reducing the expression of MMP-9 and BCL-2 genes effective in carcinogenesis as compared with the control sample. Also, flowcytometry results showed, 46.74% of the cells HT-29 entered the apoptosis stage (P < 0.0001). In the analysis of the cell cycle in the Sub-G1 phase, the percentage of cell population increased (35.60%), which indicates the induction of apoptosis (P < 0.001). Given the high antimicrobial and anticancer potential of the synthesized nanoparticles, this research represents a significant step towards further studies on these nanoparticles and the development of a new generation of antimicrobial and anticancer agents.