Examining the use of complementary and alternative medicine among older persons in Ebonyi State, southeast Nigeria: a qualitative study

Background: Although complementary and alternative medicine is popular among older people, there is limited understanding of its use within this subpopulation. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of older people in the communities of Ebonyi State regarding the use of complementary and alternative medicine. Methods: Qualitative data were collected through the use of focus group discussions (FGDs), from four communities two each from urban and rural areas of Ebonyi state, Nigeria. A total of 12 FGDs involving 96 participants were conducted. A thematic analysis of data was performed with the aid of NVivo software. Result: Almost all participants expressed a belief in the inherent benefits of complementary and alternative medicine, which were categorized into medical and non-medical reasons. Febrile illnesses, including malaria, typhoid fever, and hepatitis; respiratory; haematological; and dermatological conditions were reported as common health conditions for which participants used CAM. Additionally, participants mentioned using CAM for chronic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and arthritis, as well as for health promotion and wellbeing. Preferences for CAM were influenced by beliefs in its effectiveness, perceived lower cost compared to conventional treatments, delays in hospital diagnoses and treatments, and belief in the spiritual origins of diseases. Safety concerns regarding CAM use included a lack of information on dosing, directions for safe use, and potential side effects. Conclusion: The study findings indicate a strong belief among participants in the benefits of complementary and alternative medicine which they believe offer both medical and non-medical advantages. However, despite these perceived benefits, safety concerns were also raised by the participants. Efforts to promote education and awareness about CAM, improve access to reliable information, and ensure the safe and effective use of CAM therapies are crucial for supporting the health and well-being of older persons who choose to incorporate CAM into their healthcare practices.