The relationship between Happiness with Sleep quality and Self-care ability in community-dwelling older adults

Background Population aging is one of the challenges of the future, which requires large-scale planning. Examining happiness and its relationship with the quality of sleep and self-care is an aspect that has received less attention in old age. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between happiness with sleep quality and self-care ability in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional correlation descriptive research. We selected 306 eligible community-dwelling older adults by multistage sampling referring to comprehensive health service centers. The Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI), and The Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.27 software by Spearman test, univariate and multivariate regression. Results The findings showed that 58% of older adults were male, 67.6% were married, and 44% were retired. Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant relationship between self-care ability (β = -1.50, p  < 0.001) and sleep quality ( β  = 0.50, p  < 0.001) with happiness. Conclusion The level of happiness is directly affected by the self-care ability and sleep quality. Therefore, policymakers and planners should pay more attention to the importance of happiness and its relationship to sleep and self-care ability.