Radiopaque thermosensitive Pickering emulsion vascular embolist for permanent arterial embolization

The emergence of liquid embolic agents has advanced the utilization of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Unlike the conventional solid embolic agent (gelatin sponge/PVA),which lacks developmental properties and necessitates lipiodol combination for efficacy, leading to a cumbersome two-step embolization process, there is a need for an embolic material capable of carrying imaging effects and displaying favorable cell compatibility to enhance clinical treatment outcomes. Wehave developed a novel liquid embolic material, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-acrylic acid nanogels (PNAs). By blending PNAs with lipiodol using a medical three-way tube, we obtain a thermosensitive lipiodol gel emulsion (TLGE). This material exhibits excellent temperature sensitivity and biocompatibility, with TLGE demonstrating fluidity and X-ray contrast in the decellularized liver model. This embolization technique necessitates only a single injection, allowing for quick mixing and usage, greatly benefiting clinicians. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)facilitates intraoperative imaging, real-time embolization process monitoring, and prevention of inadvertent embolization and arterial leakage, ensuring precise embolization treatment for arterial vessels. Over a 42-day period of embolization of the right renal artery in New Zealand rabbits, there were no instances of vessel recanalization or damage to other target organs. Consequently, this innovative temperature-sensitive material holds substantial promise in TAE surgery.