The Role of Patient-Centered Communication in Minority Health Competence and Outcomes in the United States

Background This study focused on the interaction between patient-centered communication (PCC) and health outcomes, particularly in terms of general health and mental well-being, within minority populations. It introduces a crucial mediator, the health competence of the minority population, which holds special relevance for these communities. This study aimed to bridge this knowledge deficit by investigating how various PCC functions influence overall and mental health reporting in the minority population. Methods This study used secondary data from four iterations spanning from 2011 to 2022 (HINTS 4 Cycle 1-2011, HINTS 5 Cycle 1-2017, HINTS 5 Cycle 4-2020, HINTS 6 Cycle 1-2022) with a sample size of n = 5501, focusing exclusively on individuals from minority racial backgrounds. The study used ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regressions to investigate how different PCC functions and sociodemographic factors affect general health, health competence, and mental health within these populations. Results The present study revealed that PCC has varying impacts on the reporting of general and mental health within minority populations. Although we observed positive associations, they were not consistent across all the patients. In certain years, specific PCC dimensions demonstrated significant relationships with mental health, emphasizing their influence on mental well-being. Health competence emerged as a crucial mediator between PCC and health outcomes, particularly in terms of general health. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the relationships between PCC and health competence and health outcomes among minority populations. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored healthcare approaches for minority populations, recognizing the multifaceted nature of healthcare interactions.