Analysis of Transformer No-Load Loss Using Finite Element Method Validated by Experimental Tests

Transformers are one of the most critical components of electricity networks, with no-load loss as an essential technical characteristic, which plays a major role in its performance indicators. Transformer no-load loss must be determined precisely before being manufactured. They allow the development of computer programs and the faster and more accurate solution of electromagnetic problems with complex structures and boundary conditions without requiring prototyping. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is among the most popular and robust numerical methods used to solve electromagnetic field problems. This paper aimed to evaluate no-load loss in 1000 and 1600 kVA transformers while considering nonlinear magnetic characteristics by FEM and Ansys Maxwell software. Core magnetic characteristics were obtained directly from experimental tests. The results were verified by the no-load loss test in the studied transformers in a high-voltage laboratory. A comparison between simulation results with high-voltage laboratory results indicated that the simulation error in calculating no-load loss in 1000 and 1600 kVA transformers was less than 1%.