Urban greenspace types and climate factors jointly drive the microbial community structure and co-occurrence network

The benefits of urban green space (UGS) for society are widely recognized, as a direct link between plant-microbe interactions and the maintenance of biodiversity, community stability, and ecosystem functioning. There is, however, a lack of knowledge about the factors influencing the microbial communities in urban green spaces, especially those related to phyllosphere epiphytes and stem epiphytes. In this study, we analyzed the microbial community assembly in leaf and stem bark samples collected from Square, Road, Campus, and Park. The α-diversity was higher in the bark epiphytic community, compared to the phyllosphere. Moreover, the types of urban greenspaces altered the way communities gathered. The main factors of the urban greenhouse (soil and air properties) were shaping the characteristics of bacterial communities on the leaf surface and bark epiphytic. In the co-occurrence network analysis, keystone taxa were not mostly observed in abundant species, which may be necessary to maintain ecosystem functions. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the ecological dynamics and microbial interactions within plant phyllosphere and stem epiphytes microbiomes.