A comprehensive approach to promoting sustainable vegetable production in Hungary through agroecological practices combined with the application of specific bacterial inoculants Pseudomonas spp., Azotobacter spp. and Bacillus spp. in potato production

Background This study investigates agroecological practices aimed at enhancing soil quality and crop yield in small-scale agricultural environments. Through soil inoculation, the primary focus lies on incorporating soil bacteria, prioritizing these microbial agents over conventional fertilizers. Additionally, the research integrates intensive crop rotation and various reduced tillage methods, including minimum tillage and no-tillage, to establish a comprehensive approach to fostering sustainable agricultural production. Conducted at the SZIA Agroecological Garden MATE in Gödöllő, Hungary, the investigation allocates 12 distinct plots to different tillage practices, encompassing loosening with and without soil microbes, as well as no-tillage with and without microbial intervention. The collaboration involved the application of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria to six designated plots. Commenced in 2022, the study centers on the cultivation of potatoes ( Solanum Tuberosum L.). Extensive chemical and physical analyses of soil and harvested potatoes were performed, accompanied by continuous monitoring of potato growth for physical attributes. Results Statistical analysis, utilizing One-way ANOVA in R, indicates p-values predominantly exceeding 0.05, suggesting no significant differences across most parameters. Exceptions include variations in parameters of soil plasticity according to Arany (parameter explained in the paper) and pH (KCl). Aligned with initial predictions and existing research, the outcomes imply that appreciable distinctions between treatments may require an extended observation period. Observed variations in soil plasticity and pH (KCl) hint at the potential for meaningful impacts over an extended timeframe, underscoring the dynamic nature of agroecological interventions. One of the most anticipated findings was that plots where microbes were introduced generally yielded higher harvest weights and tuber size compared to the control group (without tillage or microbes) and plots without any microbial presence at all. Additionally, noteworthy correlations have emerged between weed abundance and total harvest, as well as plant height. These findings suggest that the application of various agroecological practices holds promise for yielding positive impacts. Conclusions This initial assessment shows the need for extended observation beyond the first year. It highlights that the positive impacts of integrated agroecological practices take time to show. Even though immediate results may not present major differences, the observed changes in soil characteristics suggest that these practices could have significant effects over a longer period. These findings set the groundwork for future research, stressing the importance of being patient in seeing real improvements in both soil health and crop quality from these innovative agroecological approaches. The study's significance extends to guiding sustainable agricultural practices and promoting a long-term approach to agroecological research and application.