Monitoring and evaluating progress towards universal health coverage: An analysis of health service coverage indicators in Jammu and Kashmir

Universal health coverage (UHC) aims to ensure equitable access to essential medical services regardless of individuals' financial circumstances. In Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), the health sector faces several challenges, including limited institutional capacity, inadequate access to modern equipment, and a shortage of healthcare professionals, hindering the efficiency of healthcare delivery. This study evaluates the system of primary healthcare in the Union Territory (UT) J&K and its progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030. Utilizing SDG UHC indicator 3.8.1, which evaluates coverage of population, coverage of services was assessed across a spectrum from 0 to 100%. The Index of UHC Service coverage (SCI) was represented on a scale extending from 0 to 100, where elevated scores denoted superior performance. Achieving a score of 100 on the index signified alignment with the SDG target. While there have been significant improvements in health service coverage and the control of infectious diseases, addressing the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases requires further efforts. Although healthcare indicators in Jammu and Kashmir are improving, additional measures are needed to achieve universal health c overage. This study provides insight into the developmental milestones in healthcare that are significantly contributing to the patient care. The methodology used in this study will be helpful to other scholars in measuring progress towards UHC.