The Relationship Between Thyroid Autoantibodies and X Chromosome Monosomy in the Chorionic Tissue of Patients with Missed Miscarriage

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies (TGAb and TPOAb) and X chromosome monosomy in the chorionic tissue of patients with missed early miscarriage. Methods The baseline data, thyroid function, thyroid antibody and the chromosomes from the chorionic tissue of 228 patients with missed early miscarriage were examined. Results (1) Among the 228 patients, 121 had a normal chromosome number, and 107 had an abnormal chromosome number. The majority of them were autosomal trisomy, of which trisomy 16 (40.19%) was predominant. Sex chromosome monosomy (28.04%) was secondary. (2) Among the 228 patients, 208 had normal thyroid function, including 141 who were negative for TGAb and TPOAb; 2 had clinical hyperthyroidism; 3 had subclinical hypothyroidism; 1 had low T4 syndrome; and 70 were just positive for TGAb and/or TPOAb. (3) After exclusion of patients with thyroid function abnormalities, there were no significant differences in baseline data between the normal chromosome group and the abnormal chromosome group ( P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in TGAb and TPOAb between the normal chromosome and abnormal chromosome group with 45, X karyotype, with a higher proportion of TGAb and/or TPOAb positivity in the 45, X karyotype group ( P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to TGAb and/or TPOAb-positive patients, the risk of X chromosome monosomy was significantly reduced in TGAb and TPOAb-negative patients ( P < 0.05). Moreover, an increase in TGAb and TPOAb titers also increased the risk of X chromosome monosomy abnormalities ( P < 0.05). Conclusion There is a correlation between TGAb, TPOAb and X chromosome monosomy in the chorionic tissue of patients with missed early miscarriage, although the mechanism remains to be further investigated.