Antioxidant and antiglycant properties of different milling fractions of Neltuma ruscifolia, an underutilized species

Within the group of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) is Neltuma ruscifolia (formerly Prosopis ), belonging to the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), commonly known as carob trees but unlike other species, it does not have an established or formally defined commercial value. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and antiglycant properties, as well as to identify associated bioactive compounds, in extracts derived from different extraction methods (ultrasound and agitation) and grinding fractions of pods of Neltuma ruscifolia, a NUS species. The results showed that the residue fraction extracted by high-intensity ultrasound exhibited the highest bioactivity. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction allowed polyphenolic compounds such as hydroxybenzoic and ellagic acids to be obtained that did not appear with stirring. Other polyphenols (such as chrysin, rutin, kaempferol and cinnamic, coumaric, protocatechuic, ellagic and caffeic acids) were highly related to the bioactivity. This study lays the foundation for the future development of antioxidant/antiglycant additives derived from Neltuma ruscifolia , diversifying NUS range of natural additives and aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to safeguard biodiversity, local resources and the planet.