A Multi-marker Genomic Approach to Decipher the Divergence and Diversity in Selected Allium sativum L. cultivars

The genus Allium comprises plants of significant economic and medical importance, including onion, garlic, and leek plants. The genetic diversity of garlic plants ( Allium sativum ) is vital for improving agricultural practices, developing resilient crops, preserving genetic resources, and exploring the full range of culinary and medicinal potential within this important plant species. In this research, we investigated the results of genetic barcoding, focusing on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region; four distinct barcoding regions, matK, rbcL, and trnH-psbA; and the trnL and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) regions of Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae), which were collected from three diverse cultivation sites. Our findings revealed significant interspecific diversity and intraspecific divergence among the three cultivars examined. Interestingly, the results from different genetic markers were consistent, with BDUT 1451 and 1452 consistently grouping together, while BDUT 1450 diverged. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of the multi-marker approach for exploring intricate genetic landscapes. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of genetic studies in understanding the diversity of breeding and the potential utility of this economically and medicinally important nutraceutical crop.