Examining the Intersection of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19: Insights from a National Inpatient Database Study

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical indicators and outcomes of COVID-19-positive patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), focusing on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. The objective of this study was to fill the knowledge gap regarding determinants influencing outcomes in individuals with and without IBD who contracted COVID-19, thus impacting healthcare provision. Methods: This study utilized the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) database for the period from January to December 2020. Patients were categorized into those with COVID-19 alone (controls) and those with both COVID-19 and IBD (cases). Demographic, clinical, and hospital-related variables were analyzed using statistical methods, including t tests and chi-square tests. Logistic and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess factors affecting mortality. Results: Among COVID-19 patients with IBD, a sex disparity was observed, with more females in the IBD group than in the non-IBD group. The mean age was similar in both groups. Hospitalizations were concentrated in the age group of 65–84 years. Ethnically, Caucasians dominated both cohorts, and Medicare was the primary payer for a greater proportion of hospitalizations in the IBD group. Hospitalizations were prevalent in urban teaching hospitals, primarily in the southern and mid-western regions of the US. There were no significant differences in mortality rates, and clinical symptoms were comparable between the two groups. Factors associated with mortality included sex, age, and specific existing health conditions. Conclusion: Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the presence of IBD among COVID-19 patients did not significantly impact mortality rates. However, certain clinical indicators and outcomes are influenced by individual factors such as age, sex, and underlying health conditions. This study emphasizes the need for careful monitoring of COVID-19 patients with IBD, particularly those with additional risk factors. Further research is necessary to fully understand the biochemical interactions and implications of IBD in the context of COVID-19. This comprehensive study contributes valuable insights to healthcare authorities, aiding in patient management and outcome optimization.