Understanding the Diversity of Human Gut Microbes in Indigenous Populations Across the World

The microbial population of the human gut plays an important role in maintaining host homeostasis. The human digestive Microbiota is a diverse domain that lies behind the colorful fabric of indigenous civilizations. High-throughput 16S targeted amplicon sequencing has delineated the structural configuration of the gut metagenome in world indigenous populations. The gut microbiota of the indigenous populations holds a wide diversity due to their strategic geopolitical habitat, environment dependent lifestyles, adaptive strategies and unique cultural practices. People's dietary choices and preferences, as well as cultural norms and regulations of the society, shape the overall composition of their gut microbiota. . In this study we employed 16S sequencing data of the gut microbiota samples from 464 individuals of 21 indigenous populations with different socio-demographic background across diverse geographic locations. The study overall display the significant role of geography over the diet and lifestyle of a community. Moreover hunter-gatherers and pastoralists of different geographical location have unique gut microbial composition, suggesting the influence of environment over their subsistence economy. Specific bacterial groups like Prevotella and Bacteroides are key players in shaping these gut landscapes, identifying the complex interplay between man-environment relationships.