Effect of Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Sana’a, Yemen, 2019

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic bariatric surgery on obesity and associated comorbidities in patients from Sana'a, Yemen, in 2019. Patients and methods : A prospective study followed 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery between January and December 2019. The six-month follow-up assessed changes in body mass index (BMI), random blood sugar levels, glycated hemoglobin levels, joint pain, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Results Among the 50 patients included, 22 were male and 28 were female, with a mean age of 37.4 ± 10.2 years. The patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG), single anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass (SASI), or single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S). The mean preoperative BMI was 45.4 ± 7.3 kg/m ² , which decreased to 32.4 ± 4 kg/m ² at the six-month follow-up. In diabetic patients, preoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on medical therapy was 8.1 ± 2.3%. At six months postoperatively, HbA1c significantly decreased to 5.3 ± 1.2% (p < 0.001). Diabetic remission (HbA1c < 6% without medication) was achieved in 12 out of 15 diabetic patients (80%) at the six-month follow-up. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and joint pain significantly improved postoperatively. Conclusion Bariatric surgery demonstrates efficacy in treating patients who do not respond to conservative therapy. Clinicians should consider this intervention as an effective treatment option for obesity and related comorbidities.