Epidemiological Survey of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Related Risk Factors in Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background The widespread prevalence of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity (CMM) presents significant challenges to global public health. While previous studies have primarily examined individual cardiometabolic diseases, there has been limited research on CMM. As such, we intend to assess the prevalence of CMM and identify predictive risk factors within the Chinese population which will hold considerable implications for the future management of CMM. Methods We employed data from The China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project (China-PEACE MPP), enrolling a total of 102,358 participants aged 35–75 years. CMM was defined as the simultaneous presence of two or more of the following diseases: diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on demographic variables and modifiable factors associated with CMM to identify its risk predictive factors. Results The participants, with an average age of 54.27 years, comprised 60.5% of women. The overall prevalence of CMM was 11.6%, with hypertension and diabetes coexisting as the most common comorbid combination at 8.5%. Multifactor logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing age (45–54 years (OR = 2.62, 95%CI: 2.39–2.88), 55–64 years (OR = 5.27, 95%CI: 4.83–5.78), and 65–75 years (OR = 8.36, 95%CI: 7.62–9.18) compared to 35–44 years), current alcohol consumption (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.12–1.34), TG ≥ 2.3mmol/L (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.61–1.78), recent use of lipid-lowering medications (OR = 3.47, 95%CI: 3.21–3.74), and recent use of antiplatelet aggregators (OR = 3.67, 95%CI: 3.33–4.04) were associated with an increased risk of CMM. Conversely, a reduced occurrence of CMM was associated with being female (OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.70–0.78), other marital statuses (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.85–0.97), education level of high school or above (OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.85–0.94), annual household income not less than 50,000 yuan (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89–0.98, p = 0.004), and HDL-C ≥ 1.0mmol/L (OR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.79–0.90). Conclusions In the general population of China, over one-tenth of individuals are affected by CMM, indicating a high current prevalence of the condition. This highlights the imperative for China to develop targeted intervention measures focusing on the risk factors of CMM to prevent its occurrence and progression, effectively manage the condition, and reduce associated adverse outcomes and healthcare resource consumption.