Biological membrane with antimicrobial activity impregnated with vancomycin or silver nanoparticles.

Introduction: Infections associated with medical implants pose significant healthcare challenges and necessitate the development of new and effective antimicrobial strategies. This study focused on the development of a novel biological membrane with enhanced antimicrobial properties by incorporating either vancomycin (VAN) or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: Pericardial samples were impregnated with either AgNPs or VAN. The antimicrobial activity of the membranes was assessed using qualitative microbiological analysis, biofilm production, and an in vivo animal model of infection. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the surface morphology and confirm the impregnation of AgNPs. Histological analysis was performed on the pericardial samples, quantitative microbiological analysis was conducted on the tissue from the animal model, and a biocompatibility evaluation was performed. A pilot study in humans for guided bone regeneration with a membrane was conducted using a commercial membrane as a control. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests. Results : Microbiological tests confirmed that VAN and AgNP collagen membranes exhibited antimicrobial activity. Histological analysis indicated a minimal inflammatory response and bacterial presence in VAN; however, AgNPs were associated with mild to moderate inflammation. The biomechanical characteristics were preserved. The patients included in the study presented outcomes similar to those with VAN-impregnated and commercial membranes. Conclusion: This study presents a promising approach for developing biological membranes with inherent antimicrobial properties. The use of lyophilized and decellularized bovine pericardium as a substrate, combined with the incorporation of VAN, provides a versatile platform for combating infections associated with medical implants.