A case control study to assess and compare cognitive functions among chess players and non- chess players aged 11 to 16 years in Western India
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Background: Chess has long been used to evaluate fundamental cognitive functions, including memory and problem solving, where the executive function is crucial. Studies show that chess enables young players to gain advantages in a variety of cognitive domains. The purpose of this study is to compare and assess cognitive functions among chess players and non-chess players aged 11 to 16 years in Western India. Methods The study was conducted in chess players (case) and non-chess players (control) aged 11-16 years with a normal BMI and no cognitive impairment (MMSE test > 24). Participants were assessed for cognitive functions using several tests: executive function and selective attention (Stroop and Eriksen-Flanker test), working memory (N-back test), reaction time (Deary-Liewald task) and intelligence (Bhatia Battery Tests of Intelligence). Results: Significant group differences were found for Stroop congruent time (p<0.001), Stroop incongruent time (p<0.001), Stroop interference (p<0.001), Eriksen-Flanker congruent time (p<0.001), Eriksen-Flanker incongruent time (p<0.001), Flanker interference (p<0.001), N-back (working memory) correct response (p<0.001), Deary-Liewald Simple reaction time (p<0.001), Deary-Liewald choice reaction time (p<0.001) and Bhatia’s Battery Tests of Intelligence Quotient (p<0.001) showing that chess players demonstrated better in respective cognitive functions. Conclusion: In contrast to non-chess players, chess players exhibited better cognitive functions across various domains, including selective attention, executive function, working memory, reaction time and intelligence quotient.
