Immune-focused transcriptional profiling identifies a B-cell-associated programme in resectable lung adenocarcinoma

B cells and organised lymphoid immune niches contribute to antitumour immunity in lung cancer, but their transcriptional architecture in resectable lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains incompletely defined. We profiled 730 immune-oncology genes in paired tumour and adjacent non-tumour tissues from 23 treatment-naïve patients with stage I–IIIA LUAD, integrating differential-expression, clinical–molecular, immune-cell, pathway and interaction-network analyses. Sixty-five immune-related genes differed between tumour and non-tumour tissues. The dominant functional convergence involved B-cell lineage, lymphocyte-recruitment and costimulatory components, including increased tumour expression of CD19, CD79A, CD79B, MS4A1, CXCL13, CXCR5, CCR7 and LTB . B-cell signalling, tumour-infiltrating B-cell immunity, BAFF-induced signalling and T-cell costimulation were enriched, while relative immune-cell estimates were directionally concordant with higher plasma-cell and follicular-helper T-cell fractions in tumour tissue. Immune-related transcript abundance was associated with clinicopathological features, KRAS and EGFR status. Network analysis prioritized TAL1, POU2F2, PAX5, CDK1 and PPARG as highly connected, network-derived hubs. In exploratory external anti-PD-1-treated LUAD and LUSC cohorts, these hubs and BAFF/APRIL-axis components showed opposite directional survival associations. These findings identify a B-cell-associated tumour immune programme in resectable LUAD and highlight B-cell-associated, costimulatory and BAFF-related components for spatially resolved and treatment-linked evaluation.