Evaluating Patient Intervention Effects from Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data

Glycemic variability has become a critical predictor of diabetes progression and complications, surpassing traditional single-point measures such as fasting plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin in capturing dynamic glucose level patterns. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) enables a detailed assessment of glycemic variability, which may reveal early dysregulation that is invisible to conventional tests. This study applies functional data analysis to evaluate the effects of a culturally tailored dietary intervention on CGM data from a prediabetic older adult. Over two consecutive weeks, CGM captured baseline glucose dynamics and post-intervention changes. The results indicated significant reductions in both mean glucose levels and variability throughout the intervention, highlighting meaningful changes in glycemic control attributable to culturally tailored dietary interventions. Furthermore, these results underscore the potential of combining CGM with advanced statistical methodologies to improve early detection and guide personalized interventions in the management of prediabetes.