Linking Experimental Models to Pathophysiology: Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Cardiovascular Diseases

There has been an immense concern in the healthcare industry about the globally raising rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As per recent WHO reports, CVD is the leading cause of disability, hospitalization and premature death. Studies indicate oxidative stress negatively impacts heart and vascular system which could potentially lead to myocardial infarction, hypertension, cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis and diabetic heart failure, highlights its significance as prognostic indicator in cardiovascular conditions Currently, Oxidative stress and its negative effect can be accessed by many multiple experimental tools in both, in-vitro and in-vivo settings. Nowadays, many common experimental assays are used for in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of oxidative stress and its negative effects on the cardiovascular system. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers seeking to evaluate impact of oxidative stress on DNA damage in CVD utilizing standardized methods published by leading institutions. To achieve this, we analyzed 208 relevant articles from prominent databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. summarizing experimental validation of oxidative stress measurements from 1955 to the present.