Decoding the Microclimate in Subterranean Heritage Structures

This paper deals with the important issue of the proper management and protection of subterranean burial monuments. It concerns the analysis and decoding of the microclimate that is created in heritage structures, which are under the soil or carved in a rock. There is a need to understand the hygrothermal processes taking place in the mass of underground structural elements, such as evaporation, condensation, water content and heat fluxes, based on the principles of building physics. Review in the literature reveals that researchers worldwide have been using similar methodologies to approach this complicated issue. Recordings and analysis of the microclimate inside underground monuments lead to decision making and the proposing of actions for optimal preservation. Due to the large number of parameters to be considered in analyzing the microclimate, computer software for numerical simulation has been used in many cases. Following the analysis of the literature in the field of study, a critical discussion concludes by identifying current gaps, problems and limitations. These may be either on technical and practical issues or gaps concerning lack of data for material properties and weather conditions. A certain limitation is the complexity of physical interactions, as well as the human factor, which involves the proper use of the simulation program and the correct interpretation of the calculation results. Finally, this paper concludes by providing directions for future research on this important topic.