Research on the Construction of a Monitoring System for Immovable Cultural Heritage Resources Based on a Resilient Organizational Logic: A Case Study of the Hanguang Gate Site in Xi'an

The monitoring of modern technology is an important starting point for the preventive protection and risk management of immovable cultural heritage. At present, monitoring practices for China’s immovable heritage generally lack a clearly defined structural linkage among monitoring approaches, management and operational mechanisms, and spatial governance. How to formulate—at the level of top-level design—the organizational arrangement and operational logic of a monitoring system therefore remains a pressing bottleneck in current heritage conservation practice. This paper attempts to study the monitoring system framework of immovable cultural heritage, which is composed of technical monitoring, management monitoring and national spatial monitoring. The study demonstrates that a collaborative operational mode oriented toward risk identification and governance decision-making can be established through continuous condition sensing, the managerial translation of monitoring data, and the integration of spatial scales, thereby forming a monitoring system with explicit feedback relationships. Based on this, we validated the applicability of the system framework for monitoring the status of immovable cultural heritage asset through the practice of monitoring the Hanguang Gate site of the Tang Dynasty city wall in Xi'an. This case study provides a flexible organizational framework: it adapts to the material characteristics, management needs, and spatial environments of different types of immovable cultural heritage. This study provides a methodological reference for the construction of China's immovable cultural heritage monitoring from decentralized exploration to unified adaptation, and has certain practical guiding significance for improving the supporting role of monitoring in the preventive protection and comprehensive management of immovable cultural heritage asset.