Neurodiversity in the Workplace: A Comprehensive Examination of Organizational Practices Supporting Neurodivergent Employee Wellbeing

The neurodiversity movement has fundamentally transformed how organizations conceptualize cognitive differences in the workplace, shifting from deficit-based models toward strength-based perspectives that recognize the value of neurological variation. This narrative review provides a comprehensive examination of organizational practices that support neurodivergent employee wellbeing, synthesizing research across autism spectrum conditions, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, and other forms of neurodivergence. Drawing on the neurodiversity paradigm, the social model of disability, and person-environment fit theory—while engaging critically with tensions within and among these frameworks—the article analyzes the prevalence and characteristics of neurodivergent employees, examines workplace challenges and barriers they face, and evaluates organizational interventions with attention to evidence quality. Key findings suggest that environmental modifications, inclusive management practices, flexible work arrangements, and organizational culture change can enhance neurodivergent employee wellbeing and performance, though evidence quality varies across interventions and significant implementation challenges remain. The article critically examines tensions, trade-offs, and unintended consequences of neurodiversity initiatives, addresses structural and policy-level factors alongside organizational practices, and considers perspectives of multiple stakeholders including managers, coworkers, and neurodivergent employees themselves. Particular attention is given to technology and remote work implications, temporal dynamics across career stages, and the evolving nature of work organization. The article concludes with implications for human resource management, organizational policy, and future research directions, while acknowledging limitations of the current evidence base and the contested nature of neurodiversity as both concept and movement.