Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Approaches to Enhance Maternal Vaccine Uptake: Implementation Opportunities, Challenges, and Ethical Implications

Maternal vaccination is an important component of antenatal care, yet uptake of influenza, pertussis, and more recently introduced vaccines such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains suboptimal in many settings. Barriers include inconsistent counselling, safety concerns, misinformation, and structural inequities affecting access to healthcare services. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potential tool to support vaccine communication, clinical decision-making, and targeted public health interventions. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence and conceptual perspectives on the application of AI in maternal immunization. A structured search of PubMed and Google Scholar (up to February 2026) was conducted to identify relevant studies and conceptually informative contributions. Because the objective was conceptual synthesis rather than systematic evidence mapping, PRISMA methodology and formal study selection procedures were not applied. The literature suggests several domains in which AI may support maternal vaccination strategies. Predictive analytics may help identify individuals or populations at risk of under-immunization, enabling targeted outreach and precision public health planning. Conversational agents can provide scalable vaccine communication and counselling, while natural language processing enables monitoring of vaccine-related sentiment and misinformation across digital platforms. Clinical decision-support systems integrated into antenatal care workflows may support consistent provider recommendations and reduce missed opportunities for vaccination. Important challenges include data quality and representativeness, algorithmic bias, privacy and governance concerns, and limited evidence from low-resource settings. When implemented within ethically governed and human-centred health systems, AI-enabled approaches may contribute to strengthening maternal immunization programs while complementing—rather than replacing—the trusted provider–patient relationships that remain central to maternal vaccine acceptance.