An Empirical Examination of the Adverse and Favorable Effects of Marine Environmental Conditions on the Durability of Optical-Fiber Submarine Cables

This study investigates the factors contributing to the degradation of spirally wound armored steel wires used to protect core-structured unarmored optical-fiber submarine cables, driven by coupled multi-factor corrosion mechanisms in marine environments. It also assesses the influence of physical properties of deep-sea sediments on the durability of unarmored cables. The objective is to establish a scientific basis for cable longevity by integrating theoretical insights with empirical evidence. Although the steel utilized in armor is cost-effective and durable, it remains vulnerable to corrosion. Since the inaugural practical deployment of submarine communication cables between the United Kingdom and France in the 1850s, only a limited number of studies worldwide have examined the armor's corrosion and durability. Furthermore, there is limited literature on the physical characteristics of deep-sea surface sediments that directly affect the service life of the mechanically fragile polyethylene sheath. An in-depth analysis of cable damage and environmental conditions observed during maintenance operations offers valuable insights into the primary environmental factors influencing armor corrosion behavior and cable longevity. This research aims to provide essential guidelines for future cable system design and to support the development of effective strategies to enhance the sustainability and durability of cable systems operating in marine environments.