<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.: Phenological and Productive Characterization of Genotypes in Different Production Systems

Capsicum annuum L. is an economically and culturally important crop, although the performance of native Mexican landraces in different production systems has been poorly documented, which restricts the assessment and exploitation of its productive potential. This study evaluated and compared the phenological and productive be-havior of five genotypes (four native, one commercial) under two contrasting systems: open-field (OF) and greenhouse hydroponic (GH). The experiment was conducted during the spring-fall cycle of 2023 in Puebla, Mexico, monitoring agroclimatic, phe-nological, growth and yield variables. The statistical analysis included a two-way ANOVA and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). GH exhibited extreme environ-mental conditions with maximum temperatures of &gt;48 °C and reduced light availabil-ity (53% of that in OF). Contrary to the initial hypothesis, the OF was significantly su-perior in total yield (p&lt; .0001). The commercial cultivar Serrano Tampico obtained the highest yield (1.118 kg per plant in OF), while Mixteco Largo and Cola de Ratón pro-duced the highest number of fruits. The CCA revealed a strong G×E interaction, where the native landraces demonstrated better adaptation to OF. The results highlight the productive potential of the native germplasm, demonstrating that the abiotic stress conditions in the greenhouse limited the yield.