Process-Based Technical Evidence for a Rotationally Constructed Cubist Painting Associated with Pablo Picasso

This study uses a process -based technical approach combining X-ray radiography, visible and raking-light examination, and cross-modal image comparison to assess the construction logic of a Cubist-period painting associated with Pablo Picasso. Across the X-ray dataset, the painting shows orientation-dependent structural coherence, hierarchically organized planning seams with mechanically sensible terminations, and a multistage base-layer construction that remains interpretable under polarity inversion and rotation. Visible and raking-light images reveal physically incised inscriptions names, places, and numerals with later paint settling into grooves and, in some areas, bridging over them, establishing a clear sequence in which inscriptions precede over-painting. Reduced color and polarity-inversion checks confirm that these features are carried by luminance and surface relief rather than color artifacts. Together, these converging lines of evidence demonstrate a multi-campaign, orientation-aware con-struction process consistent with documented working methods from Picasso’s rele-vant period and difficult to replicate by superficial imitation.