Geopropolis from <em>Melipona orbignyi </em>and <em>Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides </em>Enhances Oxidative Stress Resistance and Lifespan in <em>Caenorhabditis</em> <em>elegans</em>

Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance in redox homeostasis, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This condition is associated with premature aging, as well as the progression of several chronic non-communicable diseases. Among the natural products, geopropolis stands out as a source of molecules with different biological properties. Despite reports of its therapeutic potential, data on effects on biomolecules and lifespan remains unexplored. In this context, we investigated the effects of hydroethanolic extracts of geopropolis from Melipona orbignyi (HGMO) and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides (HGMQ) on in vitro and in vivo protection against oxidative stress, as well as their toxicity and effects on lifespan. Firstly, we assessed the effect on protein integrity under AAPH-induced oxidative stress and on DNA stability following exposure to hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation. Furthermore, we evaluated the extracts toxicity, protection against juglone-induced oxidative stress and thermal stress, and effects on longevity in a Caenorhabditis elegans preclinical model. Our results demonstrated that both extracts reduced protein oxidation and DNA fragmentation. No signs of toxicity of the extracts were observed in the C. elegans. In the in vivo assays, both HGMO and HGMQ enhanced resistance to oxidative and thermal stress, and consistently increased the lifespan of nematodes across all tested concentrations. These findings indicate that geopropolis extracts from M. orbignyi and M. q. anthidioides protect biomolecules from oxidative damage, enhance stress resistance, and extend C. elegans lifespan. The characterization of these effects supports the development of geopropolis-based products for preventing or treating oxidative stress-related diseases