Assessing Grapevine Adaptability and Wine Quality in Relation to Climate Conditions

Climatic conditions play an essential role in the vegetative growth and phenology of grapevines, significantly affecting yield and the compositional profile of the resulting wines. This study evaluates the adaptability of the Golia grape variety to variable climatic conditions over the 2020-2024 period and analyzes their impact on wine quality. The data show significant climatic variability, with warming trends causing earlier flowering and ripening by 11–13 days. Grape production varied depending on climatic conditions, with 2021 and 2024 recording the highest number of shoots per trunk and increased fertility in 2024. Low winter temperature values led to reduced bud viability and affected the overall health of the vines and harvest yields. Average annual precipitation, especially from growing season significantly influenced actual productivity, while higher annual temperatures and sunshine duration resulted in lower grape weight. Greater sugar concentrations accumulated in years with higher temperatures, while higher acidity levels registered at lower values. The physicochemical properties of the wines were shaped by the quality of the raw materials, reflecting the direct im-pact of climatic variability on grape composition and wine characteristics. The sensory profile of the wines exhibited major annual variation. Floral and fruity aromas were more pronounced in cooler years, while high temperatures led to the development of specific notes such as rose and exotic fruits. The perception of sweetness and honey aroma was linked to higher alcoholic strength (R²=0.8876) and dry extract (R²=0.7719), whereas the wines’ unctuosity was determined by winter precipitation (R²=0.8751).