The Impact of Modern Lifestyles on Spinal Health in the Pediatric Population: A Narrative Review

In the modern world, children’s behaviour is undergoing rapid changes that outpace evolutionary adaptation's ability to respond effectively. The health consequences associated with contemporary lifestyles may outweigh the benefits of technological and societal advancements. Identifying modifiable factors that hinder spinal development is essential for preventing dysfunction and premature spine degeneration. For instance, a 16-year-old today has used a mobile device for six years, which disrupts the development of the spine's natural physiological curvatures. Despite the growing prevalence of such postural changes, the incidence and symptomatology of cervical syndromes in adolescents remain under-researched or insufficiently documented. The term cervicovagopathy was recently introduced and explains the pathophysiological cascade of cervical lordosis loss and multisystem symptoms caused by vagus nerve dysfunction. High screen time is associated not only with psychological and neurodevelopmental problems/issues but also with a sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of ultra-processed foods, which can impact metabolic health and musculoskeletal development. The immature spine has a unique structure and biomechanical characteristics that make children more susceptible to maladaptation caused by unbalanced forces. There is limited data on how loss of cervical and lumbar lordosis affects this group, as long-term studies have not yet focused on them. While healthcare professionals are generally well-trained to diagnose and treat degenerative spine syndromes in adults, there remains a lack of preparedness to recognize and address these conditions in young populations. It is essential to raise awareness among pediatricians, parents, and educators to facilitate the timely implementation of prevention strategies and early intervention.