Agrivoltaic Systems: A Bibliometric and Topic Modeling Analysis

Agrivoltaic systems represent an integrated approach to simultaneous agricultural production and photovoltaic energy generation, aiming to optimize land use under increasing climate and energy pressures. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the agrivoltaics literature to identify research trends, thematic structures, and knowledge gaps. A structured search was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases, covering all publications up to December 2025. After data cleaning, 1,271 documents were analyzed using Python-based bibliometric and topic modeling tools. The literature was organized into four main thematic axes: system design and integration, photovoltaic performance and radiative modeling, agro-environmental interactions, and livestock-oriented agrivoltaic systems. Results indicate a rapid expansion of research activity, strong emphasis on technological optimization, and limited integration of long-term agronomic, economic, and regulatory dimensions, particularly in Global South contexts. The study highlights the need for standardized metrics, integrated energy–water–crop modeling, and normative frameworks to support scalable and agriculturally prioritized agrivoltaic systems.