Relationship Between Mean Faecal Gastrointestinal Nematodes Egg Excretion in Horses and its Variability: Implication for Control

Faecal egg counts (FEC) are used to assess the intensity of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in herbivores. FEC distribution is aggregated, meaning that approximately 20% of animals harbour 80% of infections. In times of escalating anthelmintic resistance, it may be necessary to restrict treatment to the animals with the heaviest infections. This strategy is called targeted selective treatment (TST) and is relevant to GIN, for example. The difficulty lies in identifying which animals to treat. One solution is to select potentially at-risk animals based on age (for example, treating the young), or to perform individual faecal egg counts (though this is costly). We propose a solution for determining the suitability of selective treatment based on the level of FEC (200 or 500 eggs per gram of faeces). First, we demonstrate that the mean FEC in a group is strictly related to its variance (Taylor's power law) using published data and our own unpublished data on horses from France, Poland, and Mexico. The study will focus on small and large strongyles in horses. Taylor's power law states that sample variance (Var) and the population mean are related by a simple equation: Var = a Mean^b or log(Var) = log(a) + b log(Mean). We will then evaluate the influence of factors such as age, status (mare, stallion, yearling, etc.), day-to-day variability, and previous anthelmintic treatments on this relationship. Next, to reduce the number of FECs, we estimate the mean FEC on a composite faecal sample. We will then calculate the variability and therefore the number of horses with an FEC above the chosen acceptable level. When the mean is high, the number of horses to be treated is also high and TST is not beneficial. When the FEC is average, TST may be worthwhile, either based on the FEC of individual horses or on the horse class at risk. Based on the percentage of horses with an FEC above the acceptable level, the farmer can decide whether to treat all animals or establish a TST protocol.