Threading Precision: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Aptamer-Based Nanopore Sensing

In recent years, nanopore technology has enhanced analyte detection, enabling higher resolution and achieving single molecule sensing capability.Aptamer-conjugated nanopore sensing technology combines the high specificity of aptamers with the single-molecule resolution of nanopores. By anchoring aptamers at or near the nanopore, target binding events produce distinct electrical signatures that allow sensitive and label-free detection. This approach enables real-time monitoring of small molecules, proteins, and even pathogens, with promising applications in diagnostics, drug screening, and environmental monitoring etc. Hybrid biological/solid state devices produce robust signals and are suitable for PoC applications. The Aptamers “magic bullets” are also exploited to develop a Single-molecule antigen detection using nanopores which offers a promising alternative for accurate virus testing to contain their transmission. Chemical conjugation of aptamers to solid membranes or nanopore interfaces improves selectivity for peptides/amino acids and expands robustness for practical samples. Aptamer-based nanopipettes offer high analytical precision by enabling label-free, real-time detection of target molecules in ultra-small sample volumesThis review explores various types of aptamers integrated nanopore platforms which cater toward precise, single-molecule recognition, paving the way for highly sensitive, portable diagnostics and next-generation therapeutic monitoring tools.