Chikungunya in 2025: From African Foci to China′s Largest Outbreak — A Global Hotspot Review

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus prevalent in more than 110 countries and regions, including Africa, Asia, America and Europe. It can cause acute fever, rash and severe joint pain, and some patients may develop chronic arthritis, which significantly impairs the quality of life. Following its resurgence in 2005, CHIKV has emerged as a major threat to global public health. This review summarizes the diagnostic techniques, advances in vaccine development, and the newest drug interventions for CHIKV. We also present an overview of the epidemiology, structure and invasion mechanism of the 2024-2025 epidemic hotspots and propose evidence-based strategies leading to the effective prevention and control of CHIKV.