Evaluation of the Glucose and Lipid-Lowering Effects of Methanol Extract of Mangifera Indica Leaf in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Mice

Background: Diabetic animals show increased plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels, along with decreased body weight and glycogen in the liver and muscles. While effective diabetic treatments are still being investigated, plants and herbs have historically contributed to treatment of ailments. The current study explores an alternative, complementary and potential treatment for diabetes. In ethno-medicine, various parts of Mangifera indica are used to treat diabetes mellitus. Methods: The present study aims at investigating antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and histopathological analysis of Mangifera indica leaf methanolic extract (MIME) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by administering different oral doses (200,400 and 600 mg/kg body weight). After induction of diabetes, the animals are assigned into six groups (one control group and five treatment groups). The treatment groups are treated by different dose of extract, and glibenclamide, and their blood glucose levels were measured. The BGL recording is done using blood glucose test strips OneTouch glucometer on weekly intervals for five weeks. Hematology and other parameters such as liver, renal and total lipid profiles were determined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice after oral administration of the extract for 28 days. Post-treatment histopathological changes in the diabetic mice organs, like the pancreas, liver, and kidney, were assessed at the end of treatments. Results: Daily oral administration of MIME (200,400 and 600 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (6 mg/kg) showed significant effects on blood glucose level (P<0.001) as well as in improving kidney, liver functions and hyperlipidemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced body weight of diabetic mice as compared to diabetic control group. The NIME showed a restorative effect on pancrease, liver and kidney from the study of histopathological changes. Conclusions: Mageferin indica possess anti-diabetic property in diabetic mice. It improves body weight, liver profile, renal profile and lipid profiles. It has a favorable effect in inhibiting diabetic-induced damage of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.