Optimization of Active Power Supply in an Electrical Distribution System through the Optimal Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

The sustained growth of electricity demand and the need for more efficient and sustainable operation of distribution systems have accelerated the integration of distributed energy resources based on renewable sources. This work presents a methodology to optimize active power supply in a radial distribution system through the optimal siting and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) units and wind turbines (WT), together with the incorporation of real-time demand response (Real-Time Pricing, RTP). The formulation is based on the Branch-Flow (DistFlow) model, which ensures compliance with system operating constraints such as nodal voltage limits, conductor thermal capacities, and power balance. The multiobjective optimization problem simultaneously minimizes technical losses, energy costs, and voltage deviations by applying an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (I-WaOA) with diversification and penalty strategies to guarantee efficient convergence toward feasible solutions. The proposed approach enables evaluating the combined influence of renewable resources and demand flexibility on the operational stability and energy efficiency of the system. The obtained results show a significant reduction in total feeder losses, an improved voltage profile, and lower overall operating costs. Moreover, the method demonstrates strong adaptability under scenarios of variability in irradiance, wind speed, and dynamic electricity prices. Overall, the developed methodology supports the intelligent planning of modern distribution networks, facilitating their transition toward more sustainable, resilient, and economically viable energy schemes.