Gut Microbiology in the Age of CRISPR, AI, and Omics: A Review
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The human gut microbiome, composed of trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, plays a critical role in health, metabolism, immunity, and disease susceptibility. Over the last decade, the complexity and dynamism of the gut microbiota have been increasingly appreciated, revealing intricate interactions with host physiology that influence conditions ranging from obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease to neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Understanding and manipulating this microbial ecosystem requires integrative approaches that combine advanced molecular techniques, computational analytics, and precise genetic interventions. Recent advances in CRISPR genome editing, high-throughput omics technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) have collectively transformed gut microbiology research, opening new avenues for predictive modeling, therapeutic interventions, and personalized medicine. This review gathers recent researches in CRISPR, AI and omics in the field of gut microbiology and further discussed future outlooks and perspectives.