Progressive Web Applications as a Tool to Achieve SDG 4 and SDG 8: Evidence from Vocational Schools in Marginalized Regions

Achieving equitable vocational education in geographically marginalized regions remains a persistent challenge due to limited infrastructure, unstable connectivity, and constrained access to qualified instructors. This study examines the implementation of a Progressive Web Application (PWA)–based learning ecosystem to enhance learning accessibility, competency development, and employability outcomes in seven vocational schools located across Pulau Sumba, Indonesia—one of the country’s most underserved regions. A dedicated platform (https://www.pwa-smk.id/) was developed integrating an Academic Information System, E-learning, and Industrial Work Practice (Prakerin) management, optimized through offline-first caching, low-bandwidth microlearning, and cross-device accessibility. Using a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, the study involved 214 students in the quantitative phase and 32 purposively selected teachers and administrators in the qualitative phase, supported by system-generated engagement logs. Ethical clearance was granted by Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (No. B/2795/UN34.17/LT/2025). Findings indicate substantial improvements in learning access, vocational competencies, digital literacy, and engagement. Access to learning materials increased from 46.2% to 87.9%, while offline usage rose to 68.1%. Competency tests demonstrated significant gains across hard skills (+31.1%), soft skills (+31.6%), digital literacy (+46.7%), and certification readiness (+47.0%). Multidimensional SDG impacts were observed: improved learning outcomes (SDG 4.1), enhanced technical and digital skills (SDG 4.4), increased youth employability (SDG 8.6), reduced inequalities (SDG 10), and strengthened sustainable practices (SDG 12). Community-level spillover effects emerged, including greater parental engagement, increased MSME partnerships, and rising demand for digital literacy training. These results provide strong empirical evidence that PWA technology—when contextually adapted—can function as a scalable, cost-efficient, and inclusive digital solution for vocational education in remote regions. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that PWA-enabled learning not only bridges digital divides but also accelerates multi-SDG progress and catalyzes broader community transformation.