Advancing Sustainable Development and the Net-Zero Emissions Transition: The Role of Green Technology Innovation, Renewable Energy, and Environmental Taxation

In the macro context of promoting sustainable development and achieving net zero emissions, the role of green technology innovation, renewable energy utilization and environmental policy is crucial. Based on the panel data of 35 OECD economies from 1990 to 2019, this study adopts the augmented mean group (AMG) as the main estimation method, and uses the common correlation mean group (CCEMG) for robustness test, and tests the causal relationship between variables through Dumitrescu-Hurlin method. The results show that both GTI and renewable energy consumption have a significant positive impact on CO 2 emission reduction. Environmental taxes are positively correlated with carbon emissions, but not statistically significant, and the CCEMG estimation results are consistent with AMG. The causality test further reveals that there is a significant bidirectional causality among the variables. Therefore, it is recommended that OECD countries give priority to expanding investment in green technologies and renewable energy infrastructure, and re-evaluate and optimize environmental tax policies to effectively promote the transition to a low carbon economy.