Challenges of Childhood Obesity and its Effect on Mental Health

Childhood obesity is a growing global public health challenge, defined primarily by body mass index (BMI) and driven by a combination of reduced physical activity, unhealthy diets, and environmental factors. Overweight in early young age may continue into the adult stage and is associated with physical, psychological challenges, and lower school performances. Beyond increasing the risk of chronic physical conditions, obesity in children is strongly associated with mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, often exacerbated by social stigma and body dissatisfaction. Mental health conditions are also an important factor in children with obesity. This review summarizes the development of childhood obesity due to consumption of junk food regularly, lack of outdoor physical activities, and increased screen time, playing video games, inaccessibility of healthy foods, and environment. In addition, this review summarized how overweight children suffer from various mental health conditions such as anxiety, peer pressure, depression, low school performances, and stress creating a cycle that affects both physical and emotional well-being. Effective prevention and management require integrated strategies, including promoting physical exercise, improving nutrition, supporting mental health, and implementing comprehensive community and policy interventions.