E-H Pair Symmetry Breaking: Wavefunction-Free Nature of Josephson Effects

Explaining the Josephson effect with a classical, non-wavefunction theory has long been a challenge in condensed matter physics. Based on the superconductivity theory of real-space localized electron-hole pair symmetry breaking, this paper uses the fine-structure constant α to demonstrate that the elementary charge e, a quantity with intrinsic material properties, is more suitable as a quantum constant than Planck's constant h. The new mechanism unifies electric dipoles, capacitance, magnetic flux, displacement current and magnetic monopoles, providing a reliable explanation for the physical origins of flux quantization and the quantum Hall effect. It clarifies that the Josephson junction is essentially a microcapacitor, and the Josephson effect is inherently a microelectronic circuit phenomenon. Without invoking wavefunctions or the hypothesis of Cooper pair quantum tunneling, the DC and AC Josephson current equations are derived analytically, with results in perfect agreement with experimental observations. This study offers a novel perspective on the nature of the Josephson effect. Meanwhile, it signifies that the discovery of magnetic monopoles and the realization of the mathematical perfect symmetry of Maxwell's equations are bound to bring a paradigm shift to the entire field of physics.