Public Acceptance and Socio-Economic Drivers of Renewable District Heating: Evidence from Italy

District heating (DH) is increasingly recognised as a crucial solution for urban energy needs, contributing to energy efficiency and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the transition towards adopting renewable energy sources (RES) in DH poses several challenges. The success of such a transition depends on technological innovation, acceptance, and public perception as well as a range of socio-economic, regulatory, and behavioural factors. This study investigates how these key dimensions influence public attitudes towards renewable DH systems in Italy. Based on a survey of 1,200 citizens in Turin we examine how public attitudes towards decarbonised heating options, the integration of renewables and demand-side flexibility are influenced by socio-economic characteristics. These characteristics include income, education, age, housing tenure, eco-awareness, trust in institutions, and technological affinity. Results show widespread support for efficiency and comfort benefits of DH. However, the results also show a limited willingness to pay more for renewable heat, particularly among economically vulnerable groups. The study has important implications for strategies that can facilitate the transition towards adopting RES in DH. In particular, the study points to the relevance of economic incentives, institutional trust, and clarity about benefits, as well as community engagement in supporting this transition.