Effect of Flooding and Recovery Capacity After Stress Suspension of <i>Theobroma cacao</i> L. Rootstocks
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In the northern part of the state of Espírito Santo, in the municipality of São Mateus, the physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses and recovery capacity of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao L.) PS-1319 grafted onto rootstocks TSH-1188, Cepec-2002, Pará, Esfip-02, and SJ-02 under flooding conditions were evaluated. The plants were subjected to flooding for 60 days and their recovery capacity was evaluated after this period. Gas exchange, relative chlorophyll content, stem and leaf anatomy, photosynthetic pigments, and carbohydrates were evaluated. The time of exposure to flooding caused limitations in gas exchange. There was a reduction in net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. During flooding, pigments were degraded and total soluble sugar was accumulated in the leaves. Lenticel formation was also observed on all rootstocks during the flooding period. After recovery, the rootstocks normalized their gas exchange, car-bohydrates and anatomy.